第06节_原理解析

1.Profile

为了方便多环境适配，springboot简化了profile功能。

1.1 application-profile功能

默认配置文件application.yaml任何时候都会加载。
指定环境配置文件application-{env}.yaml，env通常替代为test，
激活指定环境
- 配置文件激活：spring.profiles.active=prod
- 命令行激活：java -jar xxx.jar --spring.profiles.active=prod --person.name=haha（修改配置文件的任意值，命令行优先）
默认配置与环境配置同时生效
同名配置项，profile配置优先

1.2 @Profile条件装配功能

@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false)
@Profile("production")
public class ProductionConfiguration {

    // ...

}

@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("person")//在配置文件中配置
public class Person{
    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

application.properties

person: 
  name: atguigu
  age: 8

public interface Person {

   String getName();
   Integer getAge();

}

@Profile("test")//加载application-test.yaml里的
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("person")
@Data
public class Worker implements Person {

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

@Profile(value = {"prod","default"})//加载application-prod.yaml里的
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("person")
@Data
public class Boss implements Person {

    private String name;
    private Integer age;
}

application-test.yaml

person:
  name: test-张三

server:
  port: 7000

application-prod.yaml

person:
  name: prod-张三

server:
  port: 8000

application.properties

# 激活prod配置文件
spring.profiles.active=prod

@Autowired
private Person person;

@GetMapping("/")
public String hello(){
    //激活了prod，则返回Boss；激活了test，则返回Worker
    return person.getClass().toString();
}

@Profile还可以修饰在方法上：

class Color {
}

@Configuration
public class MyConfig {

    @Profile("prod")
    @Bean
    public Color red(){
        return new Color();
    }

    @Profile("test")
    @Bean
    public Color green(){
        return new Color();
    }
}

可以激活一组：

spring.profiles.active=production

spring.profiles.group.production[0]=proddb
spring.profiles.group.production[1]=prodmq

1.3 profile分组

spring.profiles.group.production[0]=proddb
spring.profiles.group.production[1]=prodmq

使用:spring.profiles.active=production  激活

2.外部化配置

官方文档 - Externalized Configurationopen in new window

Spring Boot uses a very particular PropertySource order that is designed to allow sensible overriding of values. Properties are considered in the following order (with values from lower items overriding earlier ones)（1优先级最低，14优先级最高）:

Default properties (specified by setting SpringApplication.setDefaultProperties).
@PropertySourceopen in new window annotations on your @Configuration classes. Please note that such property sources are not added to the Environment until the application context is being refreshed. This is too late to configure certain properties such as logging.* and spring.main.* which are read before refresh begins.
Config data (such as application.properties files)
A RandomValuePropertySource that has properties only in random.*.
OS environment variables.
Java System properties (System.getProperties()).
JNDI attributes from java:comp/env.
ServletContext init parameters.
ServletConfig init parameters.
Properties from SPRING_APPLICATION_JSON (inline JSON embedded in an environment variable or system property).
Command line arguments.
properties attribute on your tests. Available on @SpringBootTestopen in new window and the test annotations for testing a particular slice of your applicationopen in new window.
@TestPropertySourceopen in new window annotations on your tests.
Devtools global settings propertiesopen in new window in the $HOME/.config/spring-boot directory when devtools is active.

import org.springframework.stereotype.*;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.*;

@Component
public class MyBean {

    @Value("${name}")//以这种方式可以获得配置值
    private String name;

    // ...

}

2.1 外部配置源

常用：Java属性文件、YAML文件、环境变量、命令行参数；

2.2 配置文件查找位置

(1) classpath 根路径

(2) classpath 根路径下config目录

(3) jar包当前目录

(4) jar包当前目录的config目录

2.3 配置文件加载顺序：

当前jar包内部的application.properties和application.yml
当前jar包内部的application-{profile}.properties 和 application-{profile}.yml
引用的外部jar包的application.properties和application.yml
引用的外部jar包的application-{profile}.properties 和 application-{profile}.yml

2.4 指定环境优先，外部优先，后面的可以覆盖前面的同名配置项

3.自定义starter

3.1 starter启动原理

starter-pom引入 autoconfigurer 包

autoconfigure包中配置使用META-INF/spring.factories中EnableAutoConfiguration的值，使得项目启动加载指定的自动配置类
编写自动配置类 xxxAutoConfiguration -> xxxxProperties
- @Configuration
- @Conditional
- @EnableConfigurationProperties
- @Bean
- ......
引入starter --- xxxAutoConfiguration --- 容器中放入组件 ---- 绑定xxxProperties ---- 配置项

3.2 自定义starter

atguigu-hello-spring-boot-starter（启动器）

atguigu-hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure（自动配置包）

目标：创建HelloService的自定义starter。
创建两个工程，分别命名为hello-spring-boot-starter（普通Maven工程），hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure（需用用到Spring Initializr创建的Maven工程）。
hello-spring-boot-starter无需编写什么代码，只需让该工程引入hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure依赖：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
            <artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure的pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<parent>
		<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
		<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
		<version>2.4.2</version>
		<relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
	</parent>
	<groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
	<artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure</artifactId>
	<version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<name>hello-spring-boot-starter-autoconfigure</name>
	<description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
	<properties>
		<java.version>1.8</java.version>
	</properties>
    
	<dependencies>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
		</dependency>
	</dependencies>
</project>

创建4个文件：
- com/atguigu/hello/auto/HelloServiceAutoConfiguration
- com/atguigu/hello/bean/HelloProperties
- com/atguigu/hello/service/HelloService
- src/main/resources/META-INF/spring.factories

HelloServiceAutoConfiguration.java

import com.atguigu.hello.bean.HelloProperties;
import com.atguigu.hello.service.HelloService;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionalOnMissingBean;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(HelloService.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(HelloProperties.class)//默认HelloProperties放在容器中
public class HelloServiceAutoConfiguration {

    @Bean
    public HelloService helloService(){
        return new HelloService();
    }

}

HelloProperties.java

import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;

@ConfigurationProperties("hello")
public class HelloProperties {
    private String prefix;
    private String suffix;

    public String getPrefix() {
        return prefix;
    }

    public void setPrefix(String prefix) {
        this.prefix = prefix;
    }

    public String getSuffix() {
        return suffix;
    }

    public void setSuffix(String suffix) {
        this.suffix = suffix;
    }
}

HelloService.java

import com.atguigu.hello.bean.HelloProperties;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;


/**
 * 默认不要放在容器中
 */
public class HelloService {

    @Autowired
    private HelloProperties helloProperties;

    public String sayHello(String userName){
        return helloProperties.getPrefix() + ": " + userName + " > " + helloProperties.getSuffix();
    }
}

spring.factories

# Auto Configure
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=\
com.atguigu.hello.auto.HelloServiceAutoConfiguration

用maven插件，将两工程install到本地。
接下来，测试使用自定义starter，用Spring Initializr创建名为hello-spring-boot-starter-test工程，引入hello-spring-boot-starter依赖，其pom.xml如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.2</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
    <artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>hello-spring-boot-starter-test</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- 引入`hello-spring-boot-starter`依赖 -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.atguigu</groupId>
            <artifactId>hello-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

添加配置文件application.properties：

hello.prefix=hello
hello.suffix=666

添加单元测试类：

import com.atguigu.hello.service.HelloService;//来自自定义starter
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;

@SpringBootTest
class HelloSpringBootStarterTestApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private HelloService helloService;

    @Test
    void contextLoads() {
        // System.out.println(helloService.sayHello("atguigu"));
        Assertions.assertEquals("hello: atguigu > 666", helloService.sayHello("atguigu"));
    }

}

4.SpringBoot原理

Spring原理【Spring注解open in new window】、SpringMVC原理、自动配置原理、SpringBoot原理

4.1 SpringBoot启动过程

创建 SpringApplication
- 保存一些信息。
- 判定当前应用的类型。ClassUtils。Servlet
- bootstrappers：初始启动引导器（List<Bootstrapper>）：去spring.factories文件中找org.springframework.boot.Bootstrapper
- 找 ApplicationContextInitializer；去spring.factories找ApplicationContextInitializer
  - List<ApplicationContextInitializer<?> initializers
- 找 ApplicationListener ；应用监听器。去spring.factories找ApplicationListener
  - List<ApplicationListener<?> listeners
运行 SpringApplication
- StopWatch
- 记录应用的启动时间
- 创建引导上下文（Context环境）createBootstrapContext()
  - 获取到所有之前的 bootstrappers 挨个执行 intitialize() 来完成对引导启动器上下文环境设置
- 让当前应用进入headless模式。java.awt.headless
- 获取所有 RunListener（运行监听器）【为了方便所有Listener进行事件感知】
  - getSpringFactoriesInstances 去spring.factories找SpringApplicationRunListener.
- 遍历 SpringApplicationRunListener 调用 starting 方法；
  - 相当于通知所有感兴趣系统正在启动过程的人，项目正在 starting。
- 保存命令行参数；ApplicationArguments
- 准备环境 prepareEnvironment();
  - 返回或者创建基础环境信息对象。StandardServletEnvironment
  - 配置环境信息对象。
    - 读取所有的配置源的配置属性值。
  - 绑定环境信息
  - 监听器调用 listener.environmentPrepared()；通知所有的监听器当前环境准备完成
- 创建IOC容器（createApplicationContext()）
  - 根据项目类型（Servlet）创建容器，
  - 当前会创建 AnnotationConfigServletWebServerApplicationContext
- 准备ApplicationContext IOC容器的基本信息 prepareContext()
  - 保存环境信息
  - IOC容器的后置处理流程。
  - 应用初始化器；applyInitializers；
    - 遍历所有的 ApplicationContextInitializer 。调用 initialize.。来对ioc容器进行初始化扩展功能
    - 遍历所有的 listener 调用 contextPrepared。EventPublishRunListenr；通知所有的监听器contextPrepared
  - 所有的监听器调用 contextLoaded。通知所有的监听器 contextLoaded；
- 刷新IOC容器。refreshContext
  - 创建容器中的所有组件（Spring注解）
- 容器刷新完成后工作？afterRefresh
- 所有监听器调用 listeners.started(context); 通知所有的监听器 started
- 调用所有runners；callRunners()
  - 获取容器中的 ApplicationRunner
  - 获取容器中的 CommandLineRunner
  - 合并所有runner并且按照@Order进行排序
  - 遍历所有的runner。调用 run 方法
- 如果以上有异常，
  - 调用Listener 的 failed
- 调用所有监听器的 running 方法 listeners.running(context); 通知所有的监听器 running
- running如果有问题。继续通知 failed 。调用所有 Listener 的 failed；通知所有的监听器 failed

public interface Bootstrapper {

	/**
	 * Initialize the given {@link BootstrapRegistry} with any required registrations.
	 * @param registry the registry to initialize
	 */
	void intitialize(BootstrapRegistry registry);

}

@FunctionalInterface
public interface ApplicationRunner {

	/**
	 * Callback used to run the bean.
	 * @param args incoming application arguments
	 * @throws Exception on error
	 */
	void run(ApplicationArguments args) throws Exception;

}
@FunctionalInterface
public interface CommandLineRunner {

	/**
	 * Callback used to run the bean.
	 * @param args incoming main method arguments
	 * @throws Exception on error
	 */
	void run(String... args) throws Exception;

}

4.2 Application Events and Listeners

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/spring-boot-features.html#boot-features-application-events-and-listeners

ApplicationContextInitializer

ApplicationListener

SpringApplicationRunListener

4.3 ApplicationRunner 与 CommandLineRunner

5.总结

路漫漫其修远兮，吾将上下而求索。

纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行。

Spring Boot 2 场景整合篇
- 虚拟化技术
- 安全控制
- 缓存技术
- 消息中间件
- 对象存储
- 定时调度
- 异步任务
- 分布式系统
Spring Boot 2 响应式编程
- 响应式编程基础
- Webflux开发Web应用
- 响应式访问持久化层
- 响应式安全开发
- 响应式原理

# 第06节_原理解析

# 1.Profile

# 1.1 application-profile功能

# 1.2 @Profile条件装配功能

# 1.3 profile分组

# 2.外部化配置

# 2.1 外部配置源

# 2.2 配置文件查找位置

# 2.3 配置文件加载顺序：

# 2.4 指定环境优先，外部优先，后面的可以覆盖前面的同名配置项

# 3.自定义starter

# 3.1 starter启动原理

# 3.2 自定义starter

# 4.SpringBoot原理

# 4.1 SpringBoot启动过程

# 4.2 Application Events and Listeners

# 4.3 ApplicationRunner 与 CommandLineRunner

# 5.总结